Izakhiwo Zehhovisi Eziphakeme Kakhulu: Amasu Okuthuthukisa Isignali Yeselula Asuka Ku-Lintratek Jio Network Booster

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I Isingeniso Sobuthaka Besiginali Yeselula Ezakhiweni Eziphakeme Kakhulu

1.1 Umthelela Wokwamukeleka Kweselula Okubi

Esikhathini sanamuhla, lapho ukuxhumana kubalulekile ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi, izakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme ziye zaba izikhungo ezibalulekile zokusebenza.Kodwa-ke, lezi zakhiwo zivame ukubhekana nenkinga ebucayi: ukungamukelwa kahle kwamaselula.Le nkinga ingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwansuku zonke, njengoba ivimbela ukuxhumana nokushintshaniswa kwedatha, okubalulekile ekugcineni ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle.

Ubuthakathaka besignali yeselula bungabangela amakholi awehliswe, isivinini se-inthanethi esinensayo, kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha okungathembekile.Lezi zinkinga zingadala ukukhungatheka phakathi kwabasebenzi futhi zibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwabo kahle.Ukwengeza, ikhwalithi yesignali ephansi ingase ilimaze ubudlelwano bebhizinisi namakhasimende noma ozakwethu abathembele eziteshini zokuxhumana ezithembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha nakho kungaba sengozini.Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, uma abahlali bengakwazi ukushaya izingcingo ngenxa yamandla esignali aphansi, kungase kubambezeleke ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo namasevisi aphuthumayo, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nobuthakathaka besignali yeselula akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme.

1.2 Isidingo Sezixazululo Eziphumelelayo

Uma kubhekwa umthelela omkhulu wokungamukeleki kahle kwamaselula emisebenzini yokwakhiwa kwamahhovisi esezingeni eliphezulu, kunesidingo esibonakalayo sezixazululo ezisebenzayo.Lezi zixazululo kufanele zihlose ukuthuthukisa amandla esignali yeselula nokumbozwa kuso sonke isakhiwo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izindawo - kusukela ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi kuya emagumbini okuhlangana asezingeni eliphezulu - zinokuxhumeka okuthembekile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezinjalo kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinomthelela ekunciphiseni isignali ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokwakha.Lezi zici zingasukela ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kuya ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ngokwazo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zangaphandle ezifana nezakhiwo ezizungezile noma izici zezwe nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukungena kwesignali ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

Ukuze kusingathwe ngempumelelo lolu daba, kudingeka indlela ebanzi.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphenya amasu akhona okuthuthukisa amasignali eselula, ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha ezingahlanganiswa nemiklamo yokwakha yesikhathi esizayo, ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwezindleko zenzuzo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba nokwenzeka kwezomnotho, kanye nokuhlola izibonelo zezindaba zomhlaba wangempela ukuze kuqondwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo.

Ngokwamukela indlela ephelele enjalo, kuyenzeka kusungulwe amasu angathuthukisi amandla esignali yeselula kuphela kodwa aphinde ahlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo kundwangu yezakhiwo zamahhovisi asezingeni eliphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlonza izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu, singaqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zithuthukisi zifinyeleleka kumabhilidi anhlobonhlobo, ngaleyo ndlela sikhuthaze ukuthuthuka okusabalele kumakhono okwamukela amaselula.

Ekugcineni, ukubhekana nobuthakathaka bezimpawu zamaselula ezakhiweni zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi esikhathini sedijithali, ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwendawo yokusebenza, ukugqugquzela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.Kanjalo, ukutshala imali ezisombululweni ezisebenzayo akusona nje isidingo sobuchwepheshe kodwa kuyisu elibalulekile ukuze kuphumelele amabhizinisi esimanje angaphakathi kwalezi zakhiwo eziphakeme.

II Ukuqonda Izinselele Zokungena Kwesiginali Yeselula

2.1 Izinto Ezithinta Ukungena Kwesiginali

Ukungena kwesignali yeselula ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi ethonywa izici ezihlukahlukene.Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ibhendi yefrikhwensi esetshenziswa amanethiwekhi eselula.Amabhendi efrikhwensi ephansi angangena ezintweni zokwakha ngempumelelo kakhulu kunamabhendi amafrikhwensi aphezulu, avame ukumuncwa noma abonakale.Kodwa-ke, amaza aphansi anomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe, okuholela ekunciphiseni umthamo wenethiwekhi.Esinye isici esibalulekile ibanga ukusuka embhoshongweni weseli oseduze.Lapho ibhilidi liqhelile, lapho isignali eyamukelwe izoba buthaka ngenxa yokulahleka kwendlela kanye nezithiyo ezingase zibe khona njengezinye izakhiwo noma izici zezwe.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesakhiwo singathinta nokungena kwesignali.Isibonelo, izindonga eziwugqinsi, uhlaka lwensimbi, nokhonkolo oqinisiwe kungawenza buthaka kakhulu amandla esignali.Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwamashafti ekheshi, izitebhisi, nezinye izikhala ezime mpo kungadala "izithunzi zesignali," izindawo ezingaphakathi kwesakhiwo lapho isignali ingangeni khona kahle.Lezi zinselele ziphinde zengezwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha zesimanje kanye nemiklamo ebeka phambili ukonga kwamandla kodwa engase ivimbele ukusakazeka kwamasignali angenantambo.

2.2 Izinto Zokwakha kanye Nomklamo Wokwakha

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesimanjemanje okusezingeni eliphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni amasignali eselula.Isibonelo, ingilazi, evame ukusetshenziswa ezindongeni zamakhethini nama-facade, ingabonisa amasignali kunokuba iwavumele ukuba adlule.Ngokufanayo, ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngensimbi ungavimba amasiginali, ngokuminyana nokujiya kwento enquma izinga lokuncipha.Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesimanjemanje zingadonsa noma zihlakaze amasiginali, zinciphise amandla azo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Izinketho zesakhiwo sokwakha, njengokuma kwephansi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezikhala zangaphakathi, kungandisa noma kunciphise lezi zinkinga.Isibonelo, idizayini ehlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi zezinto zokusebenza noma edala izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile ngaphandle kokufakwa kwesignali eyanele ingaholela ezindaweni ezifile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadizayini ahlanganisa i-void ebekwe ngokuhlelekile noma asebenzise izinto ezibonakala ngale kumaza omsakazo angasiza ukuthuthukisa ukungena kwesignali.

2.3 Umthelela Wendawo Ezungezile

Indawo ezungezile nayo inomthelela omkhulu emandleni esignali yeselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.Izindawo zasemadolobheni, lapho lezi zakhiwo zihlala khona, zingahlupheka kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "umhosha wasemadolobheni".Lokhu kubhekisela esimweni lapho izakhiwo eziphakeme ezizungezwe ezinye izakhiwo ezinde zidala amaphasishi amancane aphazamisa ukusabalala kwemvelo kwamaza omsakazo.Umphumela uwukusabalaliswa okungalingani kwamandla esignali, ezinye izindawo zibhekana nokuphazamiseka kwezindlela eziningi futhi ezinye zihlushwa ukuncipha kwesignali.

Ukwengeza, izithiyo zemvelo ezifana nezintaba noma imizimba yamanzi ingabonisa, ihlehle, noma imunce amasignali, iguqule indlela yazo futhi ibangele ukuphazamiseka.Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngabantu njengamabhuloho namahubhu zingaphinde zibe nomthelela ekusakazweni kwesignali, zenze izindawo zethunzi lapho amasignali angakwazi ukufinyelela khona.

Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izinselele zokungena kwesignali yeselula ezakhiweni zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu kudinga ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwezinto eziningi.Kusukela ezicini ezingokwemvelo zokusatshalaliswa kwamagagasi omsakazo kanye nezakhiwo zezinto zokwakha kuya ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ngokwazo kanye nobunzima bendawo yedolobha elizungezile, zonke lezi zici zenza uzungu lokunquma ikhwalithi yamandla esignali yeselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele ngempumelelo kuzobaluleka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono okuxhumana kulezi zilungiselelo.

III Ukubuyekezwa Kwezindlela Ezikhona Zokuthuthukisa Isiginali Yeselula

3.1 Uhlolojikelele Lwezikhulisamandla Zezimpawu

Ama-amplifiers esignali, noma iziphindaphinda, ziphakathi kwezixazululo ezivame kakhulu neziyisisekelo zokuthuthukisa amasignali eselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu.Lawa madivayisi asebenza ngokuthola amasignali abuthakathaka avela emthonjeni ongaphandle, awakhulise, abese esakaza kabusha amasignali akhulisiwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-amplifiers esignali: i-passive futhi esebenzayo.Ama-amplifiers angenzi lutho awadingi amandla okusebenza nokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nezintambo ezibambayo noma ama-waveguides ukudlulisa amasignali.Ama-amplifiers asebenzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ukuqinisa amandla amasignali.Nakuba izikhulisamandla zesignali zingasebenza ezimweni ezithile, ziza nemikhawulo efana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kanye nokonakala kwesignali uma zingafakwanga kahle futhi zishuniwe.

Mayelana nokufakwa, izikhulisamandla zamasignali kufanele zibekwe ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze zimboze izindawo ezingenazo ukwamukela kahle, okuvame ukudinga inhlolovo yesayithi ukuze kuhlonzwe izindawo ezifile futhi kunqunywe ukubekwa okufanele kwemishini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zikhulisi zingadala ukungcoliswa kwesignali uma zingalungiselelwe kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela eqinile ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amanethiwekhi.

3.2 Amasistimu we-Antenna Esatshalalisiwe (DAS)

Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kunezikhulisi zesignali zendabuko uhlelo lwe-antenna olusabalalisiwe (DAS).Lolu hlelo lubandakanya inqwaba yezimpondo ezisabalele esakhiweni zonkana ezisebenza ngokuhlanganyela ne-amplifier eyinhloko.I-DAS isebenza ngokusabalalisa isignali ekhulisiwe ngokulinganayo kulo lonke isakhiwo ngokusebenzisa lezi zimpondo ezibekwe ngobuchule.Inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile ye-DAS ikhono lokuhlinzeka ngekhava efanayo, engasiza ekuqedeni izindawo ezifile ezingase zenzeke ngokusetha okungahleliwe kahle.

Amasistimu e-DAS angaba asebenzayo noma angenzi lutho.Amasistimu e-DAS asebenzayo asebenzisa izikhulisamsindo ukuze athuthukise amasiginali ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, kuyilapho amasistimu angenzi lutho awanakho ukukhulisa umugqa futhi athembele emandleni esiginali yoqobo ukuze asatshalaliswe ngenethiwekhi ngempumelelo.Kokubili ukulungiselelwa kudinga idizayini ecophelelayo kanye nokusebenza okunembe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emihle.

Ukufakwa kwe-DAS kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenza ngamapulani ezakhiwo ukuze kuhlanganiswe izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokwakha noma ukulungisa kabusha izakhiwo ezikhona.Ngenxa yobunzima, izinkampani ezikhethekile zivame ukunikeza i-DAS design kanye nezinsizakalo zokusebenzisa.Kodwa-ke, uma esesunguliwe, lawa masistimu ahlinzeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwesignali okuthembekile futhi okuqinile, ehlinzeka ngekhava engaguquki kubasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

3.3 Ukusetshenziswa Kwamaseli Amancane

Amaseli amancane angesinye isixazululo esizuza ukuduma ngekhono lawo lokunweba ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi endlini.Lawa maphoyinti okufinyelela okungenantambo adizayinelwe ukuthi asebenze ku-spectrum efanayo namanethiwekhi ama-macrocellular kodwa ekuphumeni kwamandla aphansi, okuwenza alungele ukubhekana nezinselele zesignali ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziminyene, ezakhiwe njengamabhilidi aphakeme.Amaseli amancane angafakwa ngokusobala ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, okuwavumela ukuthi ahlangane ngaphandle komthungo ekuhlobiseni okukhona ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhathazeka kobuhle.

Ngokungafani nezikhulisa-zwi zesignali ezivamile ezivele zidlulisele amasignali akhona, amaseli amancane axhumeka ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi ewumgogodla yomhlinzeki wesevisi futhi asebenze njengeziteshi ezincane eziyisisekelo.Angaxhunywa ngokuxhunywa kwe-broadband enezintambo noma asebenzise izixhumanisi zokubuyela emuva okungenantambo.Ngokwenza kanjalo, amaseli amancane awathuthukisi amandla esignali kuphela kodwa futhi akhipha ithrafikhi kuma-macrocell aminyene, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwenethiwekhi kanye nesivinini sedatha.

Ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bamaseli amancane ezakhiweni zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu kungabandakanya inhlanganisela yama-picocell angaphakathi, ama-microcell, nama-femtocell—ngalinye elihluka ngosayizi, umthamo, nesimo sokusebenzisa okuhlosiwe.Nakuba zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela mayelana nokuminyana kokuthunyelwa kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuminyana noma zokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli amancane kufakazele njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nobuthakathaka besignali ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

IV Izindlela Ezintsha Zokuthuthukisa Isiginali

4.1 Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinto Ezihlakaniphile

Ukuze kubhekwane nenselelo yesignali engalungile yeselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme, isixazululo esisodwa esisha ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile.Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukungena kwesignali nokusabalalisa ngaphandle kokudala ukuphazamiseka noma ukuphazamiseka kumanethiwekhi akhona angenantambo.Enye yezinto ezihlakaniphile ezinjalo i-metamaterial, eklanyelwe ukuphatha amaza kagesi ngendlela efiselekayo.Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinto kuma-facade wokwakha noma amafasitelana, kungenzeka ukuqondisa amasignali ezindaweni ezinokwamukela okubuthakathaka, ukunqoba ngempumelelo izithiyo zendabuko ezibangelwa izakhiwo zokwakha.Ukwengeza, ama-conductive coatings angasetshenziswa ezindongeni zangaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena kwesignali, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kweselula akuncikile kuphela kungqalasizinda yangaphakathi.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kungathuthukiswa futhi ngamasu okubeka anembayo asuselwe kumephu ehlanganisa isignali ebanzi.

4.2 Idizayini Yesakhiwo Esilungiselelwe Isignali

Indlela yokushesha yokubhekana nendaba yobuthakathaka besignali ihlanganisa ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesignali esigabeni sokuqala sokuklama sezakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu.Lokhu kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabadwebi bezakhiwo nochwepheshe bezokuxhumana ukuze bakhe lokho okungabizwa ngokuthi 'izakhiwo ezinobungani'.Imiklamo enjalo ingase ihlanganise ukubekwa kwamasu kwamafasitela nezindawo ezikhanyayo ukuze kukhuliswe ukusakazeka kwesignali yemvelo, kanye nokudalwa kwe-void noma izigaba ezibonisa ngale esakhiweni sesakhiwo ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kwamasignali.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwezikhala zangaphakathi kufanele kucabangele izindawo ezingaba khona zezimpawu ezifile futhi kusebenzise izixazululo zedizayini ezifana nephansi eliphakanyisiwe lokufinyelela noma iziphindaphinda ezibekwe ngokuhlelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okungaguquki kuso sonke isakhiwo.Le ndlela ehlanganisa konke iqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini zigxilile ku-DNA yebhilidi kunokuba kube umcabango wakamuva.

4.3 Amaphrothokholi Enethiwekhi Athuthukile

Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi asezingeni eliphezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla esignali yeselula ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu.Ukusebenzisa izindinganiso zokuxhumana zesizukulwane esilandelayo njenge-5G nangaphezulu kungathuthukisa kakhulu isivinini nokuthembeka kokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi.Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe beselula obuncane, obusenhliziyweni yamanethiwekhi e-5G, buvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpondo eziningi ezinamandla aphansi kulo lonke isakhiwo, okuhlinzeka ngendwangu ecinene yenethiwekhi eqinisekisa amandla esignali angashintshi ngisho nasezindaweni lapho imibhoshongo emikhulu yamangqamuzana yendabuko idonsa kanzima. ngena.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi okufinyelela omsakazo asekelwe emafini (C-RAN) kungathuthukisa ukwabiwa kwensiza ngamandla, ukulungisa amaphethini esidingo sesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuhlinzekwe isevisi ephelele kubasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme zamahhovisi.Ukwamukelwa kwalezi zivumelwano ezithuthukisiwe kudinga ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kwakho kokubili ihadiwe nezinhlelo zesofthiwe, okuvula indlela yekusasa lapho ukuxhumana kwamaselula kweqa imikhawulo ebekwe yizindawo zezakhiwo zasemadolobheni.

5 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko-Inzuzo Yezixazululo Ezihlongozwayo

5.1 Ukuhlolwa Kokwenzeka Kwezomnotho

Uma kukhulunywa ngokubhekana nodaba lokungabi namandla kwezimpawu zamaselula ezakhiweni eziphakeme zamahhovisi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini umnotho wezixazululo ezihlongozwayo.Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezindleko ezihlobene nokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuthuthukisa izignali, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzuzo ezingaba khona mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana nokusebenza kahle.Ukuze sifinyelele lokhu, singasebenzisa amasu okuhlaziya i-cost-benefit (CBA) aqhathanisa amanani emali akho kokubili izindleko nezinzuzo zesixazululo ngasinye esikhathini esithile, ngokuvamile ukuphila okusebenzisekayo kobuchwepheshe okukhulunywa ngabo.

I-CBA kufanele iqale ngokuhlolwa kwezindleko eziqondile, ezihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okudingekayo ukuze kuthengwe futhi kufakwe ubuchwepheshe obukhethiwe, obufana nezikhulisi zesignali, amasistimu wezinti ezisabalalisiwe (DAS), noma amaseli amancane.Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabheki kuphela izindleko zangaphambili kodwa nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe ezingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sokufakwa, njengokulungiswa kwezakhiwo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezintsha noma isidingo sosonkontileka abakhethekile ukuze bafake.Izindleko ezingaqondile, ezifana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, kufanele nazo zicatshangelwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwezibalo kukhona izinzuzo, ezingabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.Ukwamukela okuthuthukisiwe kwamaselula kungaholela ezinzuzweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ngokunika amandla ukuxhumana okushelelayo nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula.Isibonelo, izisebenzi ezisemahhovisi aphakeme zingase zibe neziphazamiso ezimbalwa noma ukubambezeleka ngenxa yezingcingo ezehlisiwe noma ikhwalithi yesignali ephansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla esignali athuthukisiwe angathuthukisa izilinganiso zokudluliswa kwedatha, okuzuzisa kakhulu amabhizinisi athembele ekucutshungulweni kwedatha kwesikhathi sangempela, izinsiza zamafu, noma amathuluzi okusebenzelana akude.Umphumela wokwanda kokusebenza kahle kungahumushela ezinzuzweni zezomnotho ezibonakalayo, ezifana nesikhathi esincishisiwe esichithwa ekulawuleni izindaba zokuxhumana kanye nokwenyuka kwemali engenayo evela ezinqubweni zebhizinisi ezisheshayo.

Ukuze siqinisekise ukunemba ekuhloleni kwethu ukuthi kungenzeka yini kwezomnotho, kufanele futhi silawule inani lamanje lezinzuzo nezindleko zesikhathi esizayo sisebenzisa izindlela zokwehlisa.Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside inesisindo esifanelekile ekuhlaziyeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya ukuzwela kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukuqagela okuhlukile mayelana nezindleko nezinzuzo kuthinta kanjani iziphetho ezithathwe ku-CBA.

5.2 Izindleko Zokufaka Nokucatshangelwa Kokunakekela

Isici esibalulekile sokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini umnotho ukuhlola izindleko zokufakwa nokucatshangelwa kokulungisa.Lezi zici zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezindleko kukonke kwezixazululo ezihlongozwayo.Izindleko zokufaka azihlanganisi nje kuphela intengo yesisetshenziswa kodwa nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo zesakhiwo kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi ezihlobene nokusatshalaliswa.

Isibonelo, ukufaka isistimu ye-antenna esabalalisiwe (DAS) kungase kudinge ukulungiswa okubalulekile kwesakhiwo esakhiweni, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwamapayipi amasha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-antenna esakhiweni esikhona.Le nqubo ingaba inkimbinkimbi futhi isebenzise amandla amaningi, okungase kuholele ezindlekweni zokufaka ezinkulu.Ngokufanayo, ngenkathi amaseli amancane enikeza isixazululo sendawo, nawo angase adinge ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokubekwa okunembe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwesignali.

Izindleko zokunakekela zibalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuba zicatshangelwe, njengoba lezi zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibe nomthelela omkhulu kwisamba sezindleko ezihambisana nesixazululo esinikeziwe.Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuhambisane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kungase kwengeze emthwalweni ophelele wezezimali.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungahloli kuphela izindleko zokuqala zokufakwa kodwa nezindleko ezilindelekile zomjikelezo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola okujwayelekile, ukulungisa, ukubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe, nokushintshwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha.

5.3 Inzuzo Ephumelelayo Nezimbuyiselo Kutshalomali

Ngokungafani nezindleko okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle ezifinyelelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuthuthukisa isignali yeselula zimelela izinzuzo ezingaba khona ezifaka imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali (ROI).Ngokuthuthukisa amandla esignali ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme, izinhlangano zingalindela ukubona ukuthuthuka kukho kokubili ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende.

Ukwenyuka kokukhiqiza okubangelwa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana engcono kungaholela ekwehliseni isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokuphendula okuthuthukisiwe.Lokhu kungabaluleka ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi asebenza ezimbonini ezisheshayo lapho izimpendulo ezisheshayo zemibuzo noma okwenziwayo kubalulekile.Ukwengeza, ngoxhumano lweselula oluthembekile, abasebenzi bangasebenzisana ngokuphumelelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenza endaweni noma bekude.Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungathuthukisa ukwaneliseka nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi, kube nengxenye nakakhulu emqondweni wenhlangano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokuphatha idatha ngempumelelo kakhudlwana lingavulela amabhizinisi amathuba okuhlola izimakethe noma amasevisi amasha, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize imithombo yemali eyengeziwe.Ngokwesibonelo, amafemu athembele ekuhlaziyeni idatha kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze azise izinqumo zebhizinisi lawo angathola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yawo ihlala ifinyeleleka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungakhathaliseki izinga lephansi noma isakhiwo sebhilidi.

Ekubaleni i-ROI yesixazululo ngasinye esihlongozwayo, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa izinzuzo ezilindelekile zokusebenza kahle ngokumelene nezindleko ezishiwo ngaphambili.Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuzoveza ukuthi yisiphi isisombululo esinikeza ibhalansi ekahle phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali nembuyiselo.I-ROI ingalinganiswa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:

I-ROI = (Izinzuzo Zensalela - Izindleko Zotshalomali) / Izindleko Zotshalomali

Ngokufaka idatha efanelekile yesixazululo ngasinye esihlongozwayo, singakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi isu elingase linikeze i-ROI ephakeme kakhulu, sinikeze isisekelo esizwakalayo sokwenza izinqumo.

Sengiphetha, ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezindleko zezixazululo ezihlongozwayo zokuthuthukisa isignali kamakhalekhukhwini ezakhiweni eziphakeme zamahhovisi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isu elikhethiwe liyasebenza ngokwezomnotho.Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela izindleko zokufaka, ukucatshangelwa kokulungisa, kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ezisebenza kahle, izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezithuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwazo kubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa isignali.

VI Case Studies kanye Nezicelo Ezisebenzayo

6.1 Ukuhlaziywa Kokusetshenziswa Komhlaba Wangempela

Kulesi sigaba, singena ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwamasu okuthuthukisa isignali yeselula ngokuhlola ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wangempela kumabhilidi amahhovisi aphezulu.Olunye ucwaningo oluphawulekayo yi-Empire State Building e-New York City, lapho kwafakwa khona uhlelo lwe-antenna olusabalalisiwe oluyinkimbinkimbi (DAS) ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokwamukela iselula okungekuhle.I-DAS ihlanganisa inethiwekhi yama-antenna abekwe ngendlela ehlelekile esakhiweni sonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla esignali angashintshi kuwo wonke amazinga.Lolu hlelo lwehlise ngempumelelo izingcingo ezehlisiwe futhi lathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana iyonke kukho kokubili amasevisi ezwi nawedatha.

Esinye isibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli amancane eBurj Khalifa eDubai.Amaseli amancane ayizindawo zokufinyelela ezingenazintambo ezihlangene ezingafakwa ngobuhlakani ngaphakathi kwebhilidi ukuze zinikeze ukumbozwa okuhlosiwe ezindaweni ezinokungena kwesignali okubuthakathaka.Ngokuthumela amaseli amancane amaningi esakhiweni sonke, i-Burj Khalifa izuze ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kokumbozwa kwangaphakathi, okuvumela abahlali ukuthi bagcine ukuxhumana okuthembekile ngisho nasezitezini eziphezulu.

6.2 Ukuphumelela Kwezinyathelo Zokuthuthuka Kwezimpawu

Ukusebenza kwalezi zinyathelo zokuthuthukisa isignali kungahlolwa ngokusekelwe kumibandela ehlukahlukene njengamandla esignali, ukwethembeka kwekholi, namazinga okudlulisa idatha.E-Empire State Building, isibonelo, ukufakwa kwe-DAS kuholele ekwenyukeni okumaphakathi kwamandla esignali angu-20 dBm, kunciphisa inani lezingcingo ezehliswe ngo-40% kanye nokuthuthukisa isivinini sokudlulisa idatha.Lokhu kube nomthelela ngqo ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqiza kwamabhizinisi angaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Ngokufanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamaseli amancane e-Burj Khalifa kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kokumbozwa kwasendlini, lapho abasebenzisi behlangabezana nezindawo ezimbalwa ezifile kanye namazinga edatha asheshayo.Ukwengeza, lawa maseli amancane enze isakhiwo sikwazi ukwamukela isidingo esikhulayo sokusetshenziswa kwedatha ephakeme ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.

6.3 Izifundo Ezitholwa Ezifundweni Eziphakeme Eziphakeme

Izifundo ezimbalwa zingafundwa ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwamasu okuthuthukisa isignali yeselula ezakhiweni zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu.Okokuqala, ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinselele eziyingqayizivele ezibangelwa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo ngasinye kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezibalulekile kubalulekile ekukhetheni isisombululo esifanele kakhulu sokuthuthukisa isignali.Okwesibili, ukubambisana phakathi kwabaphathi bezakhiwo, abahlinzeki bezokuxhumana, nabathengisi bezobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isisombululo esikhethiwe siklanywe ngokufanele futhi sihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda ekhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifundo ziyizimo ezigqamisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha amasistimu okuthuthukisa amasignali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.Ukubuyekezwa okuvamile nokulungiswa kahle kwamasistimu kungase kudingeke ukuze kuhambisane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko zamaphethini okusetshenziswa.

Okokugcina, kusobala ukuthi izinzuzo zezomnotho zokusebenzisa amasu okuthuthukisa izimpawu zizidlula kude izindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali.Lezi zixazululo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isipiliyoni sokuxhumana sazo zonke izakhamuzi, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa isiphakamiso senani lesakhiwo, zisenze sikhange nakakhulu kulabo abazoba abaqashile kanye namabhizinisi.

Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wangempela kwamasu okuthuthukisa amasignali eselula ezakhiweni zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu kusebenza njengezibonelo ezibalulekile, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusebenzeni kwezixazululo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezifundo ezitholwe ekusetshenzisweni kwazo.Lokhu okutholakele kungaqondisa imizamo yesikhathi esizayo ekubhekaneni nobuthakathaka besignali yeselula ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlali bangajabulela ukuxhumana kweselula okuthembekile nokusebenzayo.

Izakhiwo Zehhovisi Eziphakeme Kakhulu: Amasu Okuthuthukisa Isignali Yeselula Asuka Ku-Lintratek Jio Network Booster

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