Izakhiwo eziphakeme zehhovisi eliphakeme

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Ngingenise ubuthakathaka besiginali yeselula ngezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu

1.1 Umthelela Wokwamukelwa Okuhle Kweselula

Esikhathini sanamuhla, lapho ukuxhumana kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi, izakhiwo eziphakeme zamahhovisi ziye zaba yizikhungo ezibalulekile zomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlaka zivame ukubhekana nempikiswano ebucayi: Ukwemukelwa kwe-mobile okungekuhle. Le nkinga ingathinta kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengoba ivimbela ukuxhumana kanye nokushintshana kwedatha, okubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe umkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Ubuthakathaka besiginali beselula bungaholela ezingcingo ezilahliwe, isivinini se-inthanethi esisheshayo, nokudluliswa kwedatha okungathembekile. Lezi zingqinamba zingadala ukukhungatheka phakathi kwabasebenzi futhi zithinte kabi ukusebenza kwazo emsebenzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi empofu yesiginali ingalimaza ubudlelwane bebhizinisi namakhasimende noma abalingani abathembela eziteshini zokuxhumana ezithembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha nakho kungaba sengozini. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, uma abahlali bengeke benze izingcingo ngenxa yamandla wesiginali ampofu, kungabambezela ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo ngezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, okuholela emiphumeleni emikhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nobuthakathaka besiginali yeselula akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kepha futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezisehhovisi eliphakeme.

1.2 isidingo sezixazululo ezisebenzayo

Njengoba kunikezwe umthelela omkhulu wokwamukelwa okumpofu kweselula kwimisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwamahhovisi ephezulu, kukhona isidingo esibonakalayo sezixazululo ezisebenzayo. Lezi zixazululo kufanele zihlose ukuthuthukisa amandla wesiginali weselula nokumboza kulo lonke isakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindawo - ukusuka ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi kuya emakamelweni okuhlangana aphezulu - kunokuxhumana okuthembekile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezinjalo kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezici ezahlukahlukene ezinikela ekubhaleni ama-attinuation ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokwakha. Lezi zinto zingasukela ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa emklamweni wokwakha uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zangaphandle ezinjengezakhiwo ezizungezile noma izici zomhlaba nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ukungena kwezimpawu ezikhuphuke kakhulu.

Ukuze ubhekane ngempumelelo le nkinga, kudingeka indlela ephelele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphenya amasu akhona wesiginali weselula akhulayo, ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha ezingahlanganiswa nemiklamo yokwakha esizayo, ukuqhuba izinzuzo zezindleko zokuhlaziya ukuqinisekisa ukubaleka kwezomnotho, kanye nokuhlola izifundo zamacala angempela emhlabeni ukuze uqonde izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo.

Ngokwamukela indlela enjalo ephelele, kuyenzeka ukuthuthukisa amasu angenawo amandla okuthuthukisa amandla esignali eselula kepha futhi ahlanganise ngaphandle komthungo endwangu yokwakha yezakhiwo eziphakeme zehhovisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhomba izixazululo ezingenzeka ezindlekweni, singaqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zithuthukisi zitholakala ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela zigqugquzele ukuthuthuka okugcwele emandleni ezendawo yokwamukela amaselula.

Ekugcineni, ukubhekana nobuthakathaka besiginali yeselula ekwakhiweni kwamahhovisi aphezulu kubalulekile ekusekeleni ukusebenza okubushelelezi kwamabhizinisi e-Digital Age, ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka emsebenzini, ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Njengoba kunje, ukutshala imali ezixazululweni ezisebenzayo akuyona nje isidingo sobuchwepheshe kepha okubaluleke kakhulu kwempumelelo yamabhizinisi wanamuhla ahlala kulezi zinhlaka eziphakeme.

II Ukuqonda Izinselelo Zokungena Kwesiginali Yeselula

2.1 Izici ezithinta ukungena ngemvume kwesiginali

Ukungeniswa kwesiginali yeselula ngezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ethonywe yizici ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ibhendi imvamisa esetshenziswa amanethiwekhi eselula. Amabhendi aphansi aphansi angangena ekwakheni izinto zokwakha ngempumelelo kunamabhendi aphezulu aphezulu, avame ukumunca noma aboniswe. Kodwa-ke, amaza aphansi ane-bandwidth ekhawulelwe, eholela ekunciphiseni umthamo wenethiwekhi. Enye into ebalulekile ibanga ukusuka kumbhoshongo oseduze weseli. Ukude nesakhiwo esikhona, okubuthakathaka kwesiginali okutholakele kuzoba ngenxa yokulahleka kwendlela kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka njengezinye izakhiwo noma izici zomhlaba.

Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo nakho kungathinta ukungena kwezimpawu. Isibonelo, izindonga eziwugqinsi, i-Metal Framing, futhi i-ukhonkolo eqinisiwe ingahle ibe buthaka amandla esiginali. Ngokwengeziwe, ukuba khona kwamasheya we-lifti, ama-STAIRGHS, nezinye izikhala ezimile zingadala "izithunzi zesiginali," izindawo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo lapho isiginali ingangeni khona ngempumelelo. Lezi zinselelo zihlanganiswa ngokwengeziwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha zanamuhla zezakhiwo nemiklamo ebeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kepha kungahle kuvimbele ukusakazwa kwama-wireless.

2.2 Izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kokwakha

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni okuphezulu kwanamuhla zidlala indima ebalulekile kwi-attiation yezimpawu zeselula. Isibonelo, ingilazi, evame ukusetshenziswa ezindongeni zamakhethini kanye nama-facades, ingabonisa amasiginali kunokuba ivume ukuba badlule. Ngokufanayo, ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngensimbi kungavimba amasiginali, ngobuningi nobukhulu bezinto ezinquma izinga le-attenciation. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinjengalezo ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwesimanje zingathola noma zihlakaze amasiginali, zinciphisa amandla azo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Izinketho zokwakha ezakha, njengokuqonda phansi kwezitezi kanye nesakhiwo sezikhala zangaphakathi, zingandisa noma zinciphise lezi zinkinga. Isibonelo, ukwakheka okubandakanya izingqimba eziningi zezinto zokwakha noma kwakha izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile ngaphandle kokuthola usizo olwanele lwesiginali kungaholela ezindaweni ezifile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadizayini afaka ama-voices afakwe amasu noma asebenzise izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kumagagasi omsakazo angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukungena ngemvume kwesiginali.

2.3 Ithonya lendawo ezungezile

Imvelo ezungezile nayo inomthelela omkhulu kumandla wesiginali weselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme. Izindawo zasemadolobheni, lapho lezi zakhiwo zivame ukutholakala, zingahlushwa yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "i-Urban Canyon" umphumela. Lokhu kusho isimo lapho izakhiwo eziphakeme zizungezwe ezinye izakhiwo ezinde zidala imigwaqo emincane ephazamisa ukusakazeka kwemvelo kwamagagasi omsakazo. Umphumela uba ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwamandla esignali, ngezindawo ezithile ezibhekene nokuphazanyiswa ngokweqile kwabanye abaphethwe yi-Isiginali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithiyo zemvelo ezinjengezintaba noma imizimba yamanzi zingakhombisa, abuyele, noma zinciphise amasiginali, ziguqula indlela yazo futhi zidala ukuphazamiseka. Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngabantu njengamabhuloho nemigudu nazo zingathonya ukusakazeka kwesiginali, kwakha izindawo zethunzi lapho amasiko angeke afinyelele khona.

Ekuphetheni, ukuqonda izinselelo zokungena kwesiginali mobile nge-High Affice Buildings kudinga ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezici eziningi. Kusuka ezicini ezingokwemvelo zokusakazwa kweRadio Wave kanye nezindawo zokwakha ezakhiweni zezakhiwo zezakhiwo ngokwazo kanye nobunzima bendawo yasemadolobheni ezungezile, zonke lezi zinto zokwakha ukunquma ikhwalithi yamandla esignali eselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ukubhekana nalezi zinselelo ngempumelelo kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe amakhono okuxhumana kulezi zilungiselelo.

I-III ibukeze amasu akhona wesiginali ekhona

3.1 Ukubuka konke kwama-amplifiers wesiginali

Ama-amplifiers wesiginali, noma abaphindaphindwayo, aphakathi kwezixazululo ezivame kakhulu futhi eziyisisekelo zokuthuthukisa amasiginali weselula ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezisehhovisi eliphakeme. Lawa madivaysi asebenza ngokuthola amasiginali abuthakathaka avela emthonjeni wangaphandle, akhumulele, bese aqala kabusha amasiginali akhulisiwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zama-amplifiers zesiginali: nje futhi asebenzayo. Ama-amplifiers wokuziqhenya awadingi amandla okusebenzisa nokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nezintambo zokuphamba noma ama-wavegcuides ukudlulisa amasiginali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-amplifiers asebenzayo, sebenzisa izakhi ze-elekthronikhi ukukhulisa amandla ezimpawu. Ngenkathi ama-amplifiers wesiginali angasebenza ngezimo ezithile, aza nemikhawulo efana nokuphazamiseka nokuwohloka kwesiginali uma kungafakwanga kahle futhi kulungiswe kahle.

Ngokuya ukufakwa, ama-amplifiers wesiginali kumele abekwe ngokuhlelekile ukumboza izindawo ezinokwamukelwa kabi, okuvame ukudinga inhlolovo yesayithi ukukhomba izindawo ezifile futhi zithole ukubekwa kahle kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba lezi zelififity zingadala ukungcoliswa kwesiginali uma zingalungiselelwe kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela eqinile ukuvikela ukuphazanyiswa kwamanye amanethiwekhi.

3.2 Ukusabalalisa izinhlelo ze-antenna (DAS)

Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlula ukwedlula ama-amplifiers endabuko asatshalaliswa uhlelo lwe-antenna (DAS). Lolu hlelo lubandakanya uhlu lwama-antenna asatshalaliswe esakhiweni esisebenza ngokubambisana ne-amplifier enkulu. I-DAS isebenza ngokusabalalisa isiginali esikhulisiwe ngokulinganayo kulo lonke isakhiwo ngalezi zinhlaka ezibekwe ngamasu. Inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile ye-DAS yikhono lokuhlinzeka ngenhlanganisela efanayo, engasiza ekuqedeni izindawo ezifile ezingase zibe nama-setups ahlelekile.

Izinhlelo ze-DAS zingaba ezisebenzayo noma zizenze nje. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ze-DAS zisebenzisa ama-amplififers ukukhulisa amasiginali ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, ngenkathi izinhlelo zokuphela zingenakho ukukhuphuka kwe-inthanethi futhi zincike emandleni oqobo ozohanjiswa ngenethiwekhi ngempumelelo. Zombili lezi zimisele zidinga ukwakheka ngokucophelela nokubulawa okuqondile ukuqinisekisa imiphumela efanele.

Ukufakwa kwe-DAS kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi imvamisa kubandakanya ukusebenza ngezinhlelo zokwakha zokuhlanganisa i-hardware edingekayo ngesikhathi sokwakha noma ukubuyisela kabusha izinhlaka ezikhona. Ngenxa yobunzima, izinkampani ezikhethekile zivame ukunikela ngezinsizakalo ze-DAS kanye nezinsizakalo zokuqalisa. Kodwa-ke, lapho ususunguliwe, lezi zinhlelo zinikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwesiginali okuthembekile futhi okuqinile, okunikeza ukumbozwa okungaguquki kubasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

3.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli amancane

Amangqamuzana amancane angesinye isisombululo sokuthola ukuthandwa ngekhono labo lokunweba inethiwekhi endlini. Lawa maphoyinti angenantambo we-challathi aklanyelwe ukusebenza kwi-spectrum efanayo namanethiwekhi we-macrocellor kodwa emiphumeleni yamandla aphansi, okwenza babe nekhono ngokubheka izinselelo zesiginali ezindaweni eziphakeme, ezakhelwe ezakhelwe phansi ezifana nezakhiwo eziphakeme. Amangqamuzana amancane angafakwa ngokudabukisayo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, okubavumela ukuba zihlangane ngaphandle komthungo ekuhlobiseni okukhona ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhathazeka ngobuhle.

Ngokungafani nama-amplifiers wesiginali wendabuko avele adlulise amasiginali akhona, amaseli amancane axhumeka ngqo kwinethiwekhi yomhlinzeki womhlinzeki wesevisi futhi asebenze njengeziteshi ze-miniature. Zingaxhunywa ngokuxhumeka kwe-Broadband ebanzi noma zisebenzisa izixhumanisi ezingenantambo zakwamuva. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amaseli amancane awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla wesiginali kepha futhi alayishe ithrafikhi kusuka kuma-macrocell ahlanganisiwe, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesivinini sedatha.

Ukuqaliswa kokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuncane be-cell kwezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu kungafaka inhlanganisela ye-picocell yasendlini, ama-microcells, kanye nama-femtocells - ngalinye lihlukahluka ngosayizi, umthamo, kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Ngenkathi zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela maqondana nobunzima bokuhambisa kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ukugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile noma izingqinamba zokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli amancane kufakazelwe ukuthi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nobuthakathaka besiginali ezindaweni eziphakeme.

IV izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthuka kwesiginali

4.1 Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinto Ezihlakaniphile

Ukuze ubhekane nenselelo yesiginali yeselula engesihle ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme zehhovisi, isixazululo esisodwa esikhona ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile. Lezi zinto ezithuthukile ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukungena ngemvume kwesiginali nokusatshalaliswa ngaphandle kokubangela ukuphazamiseka noma ukuphazamiseka kumanethiwekhi akhona we-wireless. Okunye okunjalo okunjalo kuyinto ye-metamaaletal, okuyinjiniyela yokukhohlisa amagagasi we-electromagnetic ngendlela oyifunayo. Ngokufaka lezi zinto zokwakha ama-facades noma amaphaneli ewindini, kungenzeka ukuqondisa amasiginali abheke ezindaweni ezinokwamukelwa okubuthakathaka, ukunqoba ngokuphumelelayo izithiyo zendabuko ezibangelwe yizinhlaka zokwakha. Ngokwengeziwe, izimbobo eziqhutshwa eziqhutshwayo zingafakwa ezindongeni ezingaphandle ukuze zithuthukise ukuvumelanisa izimpawu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamaselula akunakwethembela kuphela kwingqalasizinda yangaphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kungabuye kwakhiwe kahle ngamasu anembile okubekwa asuselwa kumephu ephelele yokumboza.

I-4.2 isiginali elungiselelwe ukwakheka kokwakha

Indlela esebenzayo yokubhekana nodaba lobuthakathaka besiginali lubandakanya ukufaka ukucatshangelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesiginali esigabeni sokuqala sedizayini yezakhiwo eziphakeme zehhovisi. Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana phakathi kwezakhi zezakhiwo kanye nochwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngocingo ukudala lokho okungabizwa ngokuthi 'ubuhlakani' bobungane obunobungane. Imiklamo enjalo ingahle ifake ukubekwa kwamasu amawindi nezindawo ezibonakalayo zokwandisa ukusakazeka kwesiginali yemvelo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezingenamsebenzi noma izigaba ezibonakalayo esisesakhiweni sokwakha ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwezikhala zangaphakathi kufanele kucatshangelwe amabala afile akhona futhi kuqalise izixazululo zokwakhiwa okufana nezitezi zokufinyelela eziphakanyisiwe noma ezibandayo ezibekwe ngamasu ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungaguquki kulo lonke isakhiwo sonke. Le ndlela ephelele iqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokuxhumana kweselula zishumeke ngaphakathi kwe-DNA yokwakha kunokuba zibe yisikhathi.

4.3 Iphrothokholi yenethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe

Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrothokholi wenethiwekhi yokusika udlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esignali eselula ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa amazinga wokuxhumana wesizukulwane esilandelayo njenge-5G nangale kwalokho kungathuthukisa kakhulu ijubane nokwethenjwa kokuxhunyaniswa ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe obuncane be-cell, obusezinhliziyweni zamanethiwekhi we-5G, buvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpondo eziningi ezinamandla aphansi kulo lonke isakhiwo, ukuhlinzeka ngendwangu yenethiwekhi ebunye eqinisekisa ukuthi imibhoshongo yendabuko emikhulu yendabuko ifakazela ukungena ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi we-Cloud-based Radio Accernerks (C-Ran) angakwazi ukwandisa ukwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza ngamandla, ukuvumelanisa amaphethini wesikhathi sangempela ukunikeza insizakalo efanelekile kubasebenzisi abangaphansi kwezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ukwemukelwa kwalezi zimiso ezithuthukile zidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwazo zombili izinhlelo ze-Hardware nezinhlelo zesoftware, eveza indlela yesikhathi esizayo lapho ukuxhumana kweselula kudlula imikhawulo yezakhiwo zasemadolobheni.

5 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinzuzo Ezingabizi Kwezisombululo Ezihlongozwayo

5.1 Ukuhlola Ukwenzeka Kwezomnotho

Uma kukhulunywa ngokubhekana nodaba lwamandla wesiginali weselula ampofu ezakhiweni zehhovisi elikhuphuke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini kwizixazululo ezihlongozwayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezindleko ezihambisana nokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuthuthukisa iziginali, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzuzo zawo ezingaba khona ngokuya ngokuxhumana okuthuthukile nokusebenza kahle. Ukufeza lokhu, singakwazi ukuqasha amasu wokuhlaziywa kwezindleko (CBA) aqhathanisa amanani emali wazo zombili izindleko nezinzuzo zesisombululo ngasinye esikhathini esinikeziwe, ngokuvamile i-Lifespan ewusizo yezobuchwepheshe okukhulunywa ngayo.

I-CBA kufanele iqale ngokuhlolwa kwezindleko eziqondile, ezibandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okudingekayo ukuthenga nokufaka ubuchwepheshe obukhethiwe, njengezimpawu zesiginali, noma amaseli amancane, noma amaseli amancane. Kubalulekile ukubheka izindleko ezingezelela kuphela kepha nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezingezekile ezingavela ngesikhathi sokufakwa, njengokuguqulwa kwezakhiwo ukwamukela i-hardware entsha noma isidingo sosonkontileka abakhethekile ukwenza ukufakwa. Izindleko ezingaqondile, njengokuphazamiseka okungaba khona ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka, kufanele futhi kubhekwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-equation libona izinzuzo, ezingabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukwamukelwa okwenziwe ngcono kweselula kungaholela ekuzuzeni okubalulekile kokukhiqiza ngokunika amandla ukuxhumana okubushelelezi kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Isibonelo, abasebenzi emahhovisi aphezulu bathola ukuphazamiseka okumbalwa noma ukubambezeleka ngenxa yezingcingo ezilahliwe noma ikhwalithi yesiginali engeyinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla wesiginali athuthukisiwe angathuthukisa amanani wokudlulisa idatha, okuzuzisa kakhulu amabhizinisi ancike ekucutshungweni kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, izinsizakalo zamafu, noma amathuluzi wokusebenzisana akude. Ukwanda okulandelayo kokusebenza kahle kungahumusha izinzuzo zezomnotho ezibonakalayo, njengesikhathi esincishisiwe esichithwe ekuphatheni izindaba zokuxhumana nemali ekhuphukayo ezinqubweni zebhizinisi ezisheshayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ekuhlolweni kwethu kokwazisa kwezomnotho, kufanele futhi silandise ngenani lamanje lezinzuzo ezizayo nezindleko ezisebenzisa izindlela zokunciphisa. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside inesisindo ngokufanele ekuhlaziyweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya umuzwa wokuzwela kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukucabanga okuphathelene nezindleko nezinzuzo kuthinta kanjani iziphetho ezizokwakhiwa yi-CBA.

5.2 Izindleko zokufaka kanye nokucatshangelwa kwesondlo

Isici esibucayi sokuhlola ukwenzeka komnotho ukuhlolwa kwezindleko zokufaka kanye nokucatshangelwa kokulungiswa. Lezi zinto zingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwezindleko okuphelele kwezixazululo ezihlongozwayo. Izindleko zokufaka ezingena hhayi kuphela intengo yemishini kodwa futhi noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okudingekayo kwezokwakha nezindleko zabasebenzi ezihambisana nokuthunyelwa.

Isibonelo, ukufaka uhlelo olusakazwayo lwe-antenna (DAS) kungadinga ukulungiswa okubalulekile kwesakhiwo esakhiweni, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwemikhuba emisha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimpondo ekwakhiweni okukhona. Le nqubo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibe yinhlangano ebanzi, eholela ezindlekweni zokufaka eziphezulu. Ngokufanayo, ngenkathi amaseli amancane enikeza isixazululo esenziwe esendaweni esithe xaxa, nabo bangase babe dinga ukuguqulwa kokwakha nokubekwa okuqondile ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwesiginali.

Izindleko zokulungiswa zibalulekile ngokulinganayo ukucubungula, ngoba lokhu kungatholwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuthinte kakhulu izindleko eziphelele ezihlotshaniswa nesixazululo esinikeziwe. Ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokuthuthuka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhambisana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kungangeza emthwalweni wezezimali wonke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukala hhayi izindleko zokuqala zokufaka kuphela kepha nezindleko ezilindelekile zokuphila, kufaka phakathi amasheke ajwayelekile, ukulungiswa, ukubuyiselwa kwe-software, kanye nezibuyekezo ze-Hardware.

5.3 Ukusebenza kahle kwezinzuzo nokubuyisa ekutshalweni kwemali

Ngokuphikisana nezindleko okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, izinzuzo ezisebenzayo zitholwe ngokuqaliswa kwamasu wokuthuthukiswa kwesiginali weselula abonisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona ezibangela ukubuyiselwa kwemali ekutshalweni kwemali (ROI). Ngokuthuthukisa amandla wesiginali ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezisehhovisi eliphakeme, izinhlangano zingalindela ukubona intuthuko kuzo zombili izindlela zangaphakathi kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende.

Ukukhiqiza okwandayo okuvela kwikhwalithi yokuxhumana engcono kungaholela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokuphendula okuthuthukile. Lokhu kungabaluleka kakhulu kumabhizinisi asebenza ezimbonini ezisheshayo ezisebenza ngokushesha lapho izimpendulo ezisheshayo emibuzweni noma ukuthengiselana kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuxhumana okuthembekile kweselula, abasebenzi bangasebenzisana kahle, noma ngabe basebenza esizeni noma ukude. Ukuthuthuka okunjalo kungathuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi kanye nokugcinwa kabusha, kufake isandla entanjeni ephansi yenhlangano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okuphatha idatha ngempumelelo angavula amathuba amabhizinisi ukuhlola izimakethe ezintsha noma izinsizakalo, ngaleyo ndlela akhiqize imifudlana yemali engenayo. Isibonelo, amafemu ancike kuma-analytics wedatha yesikhathi sangempela ukwazisa izinqumo zebhizinisi labo angathola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yawo ihlala itholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-Floor Flook noma isakhiwo salokwakhiwa.

Ekubaleni i-ROI ngesisombululo ngasinye esihlongozwayo, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa ukuzungeza okulindelekile ukuzuza izindleko ezichazwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kuzokwembula ukuthi yisiphi isixazululo esinikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu phakathi kokutshala imali nokubuya. I-ROI ingalinganiselwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:

I-ROI = (Izinzuzo zeNet - Izindleko zokutshalwa kwemali) / Izindleko Zokutshalwa Kwezimali

Ngokufaka idatha efanelekile yesisombululo ngasinye esihlongozwayo, singabona ukuthi yiliphi isu elingavunyelwa i-ROI ephezulu kakhulu, enikeza isizathu esizwakalayo sokwenza izinqumo.

Ekuphetheni, eqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwezimali okuphelele kwezixazululo ezihlongozwayo zokuthuthuzelwa kwesiginali ephathekayo ekwakhiweni kwamahhovisi aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isu elikhethiwe liyenzeka ngokwezomnotho. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela izindleko zokufaka, ukucatshangelwa kwesondlo, nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ukusebenza, izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi zokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwazo kubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu.

I-VI CEEST Study kanye Nezicelo Ezisebenzayo

6.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Real-World World World

Kulesi sigaba, sisebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zamasu wokuthuthukiswa kwesiginali weselula ngokuhlola ukwenziwa kwangempela komhlaba ezakhiweni zamahhovisi aphezulu. Ucwaningo olulodwa oluphawuleka yisakhiwo se-Epire State eNew York City, lapho kwafakwa khona uhlelo olusatshalaliswa khona i-Antenna ukuthi lubhekane nodaba lokwamukela kahle kahle. I-DAS ihlanganisa inethiwekhi ye-antennas ebekwe kahle kulo lonke isakhiwo ukuqinisekisa amandla wesiginali angaguquki kuwo wonke amazinga. Lolu hlelo luhlanze ngempumelelo izingcingo ezilahliwe futhi luthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuxhumana ephelele yezinsizakalo zombili zezwi nedatha.

Esinye isibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli amancane eBurj Khalifa eDubai. Amangqamuzana amancane anamaphoyinti angenantambo we-wireless angafakwa ngokuqonda ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ukuze anikeze ukumbozwa okuhlosiwe ezindaweni ezinokungena kwesiginali okubuthakathaka. Ngokuthumela amaseli amaningi amancane esakhiweni, iBurj Khalifa ithole ngcono ngcono okubalulekile ekutholeni indawo yangaphakathi, okuvumela abahlali ukuthi balondoloze ukuxhumana okuthembekile ngisho nasekupheleni okungaphezulu.

6.2 Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa

Ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela zokuthuthuka kwesiginali kungahlaziywa ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene njengamandla wesiginali, ukuthembeka kwezingcingo, kanye namanani okudlulisa idatha. Esakhiweni se-Empire State, ukufakwa kwe-DAS kuholele ekunyuseni okuphakathi kwamandla wesiginali we-20 DBM, kunciphisa inani lezingcingo ezishisiwe ngo-40% kanye nokwenza ngcono ijubane lokudlulisa idatha. Lokhu kuye kwaba nomthelela ngqo ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo wamabhizinisi akhiwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Ngokufanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamaseli amancane eBurj Khalifa kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okumakiwe ekusakazweni kwendlu, nabasebenzisi ababhekene nezindawo ezimbalwa ezifile namanani edatha esheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maseli amancane akwenzele ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ukuze kuhlalise isidingo esikhulayo sokusetshenziswa kwedatha ephezulu ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.

6.3 Izifundo ezifundwe ezifundweni eziphakeme kakhulu

Izifundo eziningana zingafundwa ekuqalisweni ngempumelelo kwamasu wokuthuthukiswa kwesiginali weselula ezakhiweni zamahhovisi aphezulu. Okokuqala, ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinselelo ezihlukile ezibangelwa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo ngasinye sokwakha kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile ekukhetheni isixazululo esifaneleka kakhulu sesiginali. Okwesibili, ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuphathwa kokwakha, abahlinzeki bezokuxhumana ngocingo, futhi abathengisi bezobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi isixazululo esikhethiwe senzelwe kahle futhi sihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda ekhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifundo zamacala zigqamisa ukubaluleka kokulungiswa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa iziginali ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ukuvuselelwa njalo kanye nokuhlelwa okuhle kwezinhlelo kungadingeka ukuhambisana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko emaphethini wokusebenzisa.

Okokugcina, kusobala ukuthi izinzuzo zezomnotho zokusebenzisa amasu okuthuthukisa izimpawu adlula izindleko zokutshala imali zokuqala. Hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi lezi zixazululo zithuthukisa kuphela isipiliyoni sokuxhumana sabantu abahlali, kepha futhi bathuthukisa nokuchazwa kwenani lesakhiwo, okwenza bakhange ngokwengeziwe kubaqashi namabhizinisi athile.

Ekuphetheni, ukwenziwa kwangempela komhlaba kwamasu wokuthuthukiswa kwesiginali weselula ezinhlafunweni eziphakeme zamahhovisi zisebenza njengezifundo ezibalulekile, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqonda ekusebenzeni kwezixazululo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezifundo ezifundwe ekuphathweni kwazo. Lokhu okutholakele kungaqondisa imizamo yesikhathi esizayo ekubhekaneni nobuthakathaka besiginali yeselula ezindaweni ezikhuphuke kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlali bangajabulela ukuxhumana okuthembekile futhi okusebenzayo.

Izakhiwo eziphakeme zehhovisi eliphakeme

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