Njengoba ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni kuyaqhubeka ukusheshisa, indawo yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwanamuhla, ngokulula kwabo kanye nokuphepha kuya ngokuya kudonsela ukunaka. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa okungekuhle kwesiginali kule ndawo kudala kube yinselelo enkulu kubo bobabili abanikazi bezimoto nabaphathi bezakhiwo. Le nkinga ayigcini ngokuthinta ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke nokuzulazula kwabashayeli kepha futhi ingavimba ukuxhumana ngesikhathi nomhlaba wangaphandle ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nezinkinga zesiginali ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu.
I. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela zesiginali esingesihle endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwamukelwa okungaphansi kwesiginali ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba zibandakanya okulandelayo: Okokuqala, lezi zinhlobo zivame ukutholakala emazingeni aphansi ezakhiwo, lapho ukusakazwa kwesiginali kuvinjelwe yisakhiwo. Okwesibili, izakhiwo zensimbi zangaphakathi ezingaphakathi egalaji zingaphazamisa amasignali angenantambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuningi bezimoto eziphezulu egalaji bungaqhubekela phambili ngekhwalithi yesiginali.
II. Isixazululo 1: Izikhungo Zokuxhumana Ezithuthukisiwe Zeselula
Isixazululo esisodwa esisebenzayo senkinga yesiginali engesihle ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuhanjiswa kweziteshi ezithuthukisiwe ze-Mobile Communication Base. Lezi ziteshi zithuthukisa ukumbozwa kwesiginali ngaphakathi egalaji ngokwandisa amandla okuhambisa nokwenza kahle umklamo we-antenna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathwali beselula bangaguqula ukwakheka kanye namapharamitha alezi ziteshi ngokuya ngemibandela ethile yegaraji ukufezekisa ukumboza okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme ezihambisana nokusetha lezi ziteshi eziyisisekelo, amakhasimende ngokuvamile adingekayo ukuthwala izindleko ezihlobene, okwenza le ndlela ibiza kakhulu.
Indawo yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba nohlelo lwe-DAS Cellular
III. Isixazululo 2: Kusakazwa uhlelo lwe-Antenna (DAS)
Uhlelo olusatshalaliswa i-Antenna (DAS) luyisisombululo esibandakanya ukubeka izimpondo kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokunciphisa ibanga lokuhambisa iziginali futhi unciphise i-attimiation, lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukumbozwa kwesiginali okufanayo ngaphakathi kwesikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DAS ingahlangana nomthungo namanethiwekhi akhona okuxhumana amaselula, avumela abashayeli ukuthi bajabulele izinsizakalo zokuxhumana ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngisho ngaphakathi kwegaraji.
Ukupaka indawo yangaphansi komhlaba nge-fiber optic iphindaphindwa
IV. Isixazululo 3:I-Optical fiber repeter signal amplification amplal amplification amplal
Ngendawo enkulu yokupaka indawo engaphansi komhlaba, uhlelo lwe-Optical fiber repeter lungasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali. Le mishini isebenza ngokuthola amasiginali angaphandle, ibakhiphe, bese ibayisandisela ngaphakathi kwegaraji, ngcono ngempumelelo imvelo yokuxhumana. Ama-Optical fiber aphindayo kulula ukufaka futhi anciphise kakhulu, okwenza balungele abasebenzisi abanezingqinamba zesabelomali.
V. Isixazululo 4: Lungisa imvelo yangaphakathi yegaraji
Ngaphezu kwezixazululo zezobuchwepheshe, ukwenza ngcono imvelo yangaphakathi yegaraji nakho kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali. Isibonelo, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ngaphakathi egalaji, ukuhlela izikhala zokupaka ngempumelelo, futhi ukugcina ukujikeleza komoya okuhle konke kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kwesiginali futhi kuthuthukise ukusakazwa kwesiginali.
VI. Isixazululo Esiphelele: Isu Endlela Endlela Endlela Eningi
Empeleni, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba kuvame ukudinga inhlanganisela yezixazululo eziningi ngokuya ngemibandela ethile nezidingo zegaraji. Isibonelo, iziteshi ezithuthukisiwe ze-Mobile Communication Base zingathunyelwa eceleni kohlelo lwe-antenna olusatshalaliswa ukunikeza ukumbozwa okungeziwe. Ngenye indlela, i-amplifier yesiginali yangaphakathi ingasetshenziswa ngokubambisana nokwenza kahle imvelo yangaphakathi yegaraji. Ngokusebenzisa isu eliphelele, ukuthuthuka okukhulu kungenziwa ngekhwalithi yesiginali endaweni yokupaka indawo engaphansi komhlaba.
VII. ISIPHETHO NOKUTHOLA
Impikiswano yokwamukelwa kwezimpawu ezingezinhle ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibalulekile. Ngokuhlaziya kahle izimbangela nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezihlosiwe, singathuthukisa ngempumelelo imvelo yokuxhumana ngaphakathi kakhulu, sithuthukise ukwaneliseka komshayeli nokuphepha. Ngibheke phambili, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisa phambili kanye nezindawo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza zivela, silindele ukubona izixazululo ezintsha kakhulu zokubhekana nezinselelo zesiginali endaweni yokupaka indawo engaphansi komhlaba.
Lapho ubhekana nezinkinga zesiginali endaweni yokupaka indawo engaphansi komhlaba, kubalulekile futhi ukubheka ezinye izinto. Isibonelo, umehluko ezinqubomgomo zenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nokuvalelwa kwenethiwekhi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene kufanele kubhekwe lapho wenza izixazululo. Ngokwengeziwe, ngodokhumenti okhudlwana wobuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumana obufana ne-5G, kubalulekile ukuqapha umthelela wabo ekumbozekeni kwesiginali endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokushintsha kanye nokwandisa izixazululo ngokufanele ukufeza izimfuno zalobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Ekuphetheni, ukuxazulula impikiswano yokwamukelwa kwezimpawu ezingezinhle ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba kudinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela kwezinto eziningi nezixazululo. Ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo nokuzilolonga, singanikeza abashayeli ngezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ezilula, eziphephile, nezisebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela zisekela ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kokufudunzana.
IHhovisi Lekhanda le-LinTratek
LintratekbekulokhuUmenzi ochwepheshekokuxhumana kweselula ngemishini ehlanganisa i-R & D, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthengisa iminyaka engu-12. Imikhiqizo ye-Signal yokumboza emkhakheni wezokuxhumana ngeselula:Ama-mobile stanal mossoossers, antennas, ama-splitters kagesi, ama-coupler, njll.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-10-2024