Njengoba ukusabalala kwamadolobha kuqhubeka nokusheshisa, izindawo zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba seziyingxenye ebalulekile yezakhiwo zesimanje, kanti ukulula kwazo nokuphepha kwazo kuya ngokuya kudonsela ukunaka. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kabi kwezimpawu kulezi zindawo sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinselele enkulu kokubili kubanikazi bezimoto kanye nabaphathi bezindawo. Le nkinga ayithinti nje kuphela ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke kanye nokuzulazula kwabashayeli kodwa futhi ingavimbela ukuxhumana ngesikhathi esifanele nomhlaba wangaphandle ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nezinkinga zezibonakaliso endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu.
I. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Zesignali Embi Endaweni Yokupaka Engaphansi Komhlaba
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwamukelwa kabi kwezimpawu endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba zifaka okulandelayo: Okokuqala, lezi zindawo zivame ukutholakala emazingeni aphansi ezakhiwo, lapho ukusabalala kwezibonakaliso kuvinjelwa khona yisakhiwo. Okwesibili, izakhiwo zensimbi zangaphakathi egaraji zingaphazamisa izimpawu ezingenantambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuminyana okukhulu kwezimoto egaraji kungonakalisa ikhwalithi yezibonakaliso.
II. Isixazululo 1: Iziteshi Eziyisisekelo Zokuxhumana Ezihambayo Ezithuthukisiwe
Isixazululo esisodwa esisebenzayo senkinga yesiginali embi endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba ukuthunyelwa kweziteshi zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi ziteshi zithuthukisa ukumbozwa kwesiginali ngaphakathi kwegaraji ngokwandisa amandla okudlulisa kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwe-antenna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zeselula zingalungisa ukwakheka kanye nemingcele yalezi ziteshi ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zegaraji ukuze kufezwe ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme ezihambisana nokusetha lezi ziteshi eziyisisekelo, amakhasimende ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi athwale izindleko ezihlobene, okwenza le nketho ibize kakhulu.
Indawo yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba enesistimu yeselula ye-DAS
III. Isixazululo 2: Uhlelo lwe-Antenna Olusabalalisiwe (i-DAS)
Uhlelo lwe-Antenna olusabalalisiwe (i-DAS) luyisisombululo esihilela ukubeka ama-antenna kulo lonke i-Space. Ngokunciphisa ibanga lokudlulisa isignali nokunciphisa ukuncishiswa, lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukumbozwa kwesignali okufanayo ngaphakathi kwe-Space. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DAS ingahlanganiswa kalula namanethiwekhi okuxhumana eselula akhona, okuvumela abashayeli ukuthi bajabulele izinsizakalo zokuxhumana ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngisho nangaphakathi kwegaraji.
Indawo yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba ene-Fiber Optic Repeater
IV. Isixazululo 3:Uhlelo Lokukhulisa Isignali Yokuphindaphinda I-Optical Fiber
Endaweni yokupaka enkulu engaphansi komhlaba, uhlelo lokuphindaphinda i-optical fiber lungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali. Lo mshini usebenza ngokwamukela izimpawu zangaphandle, uzikhulise, bese uzithumela kabusha egaraji, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo indawo yokuxhumana. Ama-optical fiber repeater kulula ukuwafaka futhi ashibhile, okwenza afaneleke kubasebenzisi abanemikhawulo yesabelomali.
Ukuphinda-phinda kwe-Fiber Optic
V. Isixazululo 4: Ukuthuthukisa Imvelo Yangaphakathi Yegalaji
Ngaphezu kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukisa imvelo yangaphakathi yegaraji kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yesignali. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ngaphakathi kwegaraji, ukuhlela izindawo zokupaka ngempumelelo, nokugcina ukujikeleza komoya okuhle konke kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kwesignali nokuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwesignali.
VI. Isixazululo Esiphelele: Isu Lokusebenzisa Izindlela Eziningi
Empeleni, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba kuvame ukudinga inhlanganisela yezixazululo eziningi ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile nezidingo zegaraji. Isibonelo, iziteshi zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe zingafakwa kanye ne-Distributed Antenna System ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngesembozo esengeziwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-amplifier yesignali yangaphakathi ingasetshenziswa kanye nokwenza ngcono indawo yangaphakathi yegaraji. Ngokusebenzisa isu eliphelele, kungenziwa intuthuko enkulu ekhwalithini yesignali endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba.
VII. Isiphetho kanye Nombono
Udaba lokwamukelwa kabi kwezimpawu endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba luyinkimbinkimbi futhi lubalulekile. Ngokuhlaziya ngokuphelele izimbangela nokusebenzisa izixazululo eziqondiwe, singathuthukisa ngempumelelo indawo yokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwendawo yokupaka, sithuthukise kokubili ukwaneliseka komshayeli kanye nokuphepha. Uma sibheke phambili, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nezimo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza zivela, silindele ukubona izixazululo ezintsha kakhulu zokubhekana nezinselele zezibonakaliso endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezinkinga zesignali endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ezinye izici. Isibonelo, umehluko ezinqubweni zenkampani kanye nokumbozwa kwenethiwekhi ezifundeni ezahlukene kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kwakhiwa izixazululo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumana njenge-5G, kubalulekile ukuqapha umthelela wabo ekumbozweni kwesignali endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokulungisa nokwenza ngcono izixazululo ngokufanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zalobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Ekuphetheni, ukuxazulula inkinga yokwamukelwa kabi kwezimpawu endaweni yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izici eziningi nezixazululo. Ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokuzijwayeza, singanikeza abashayeli izinsizakalo zokuxhumana ezilula, eziphephile, nezisebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela sisekele intuthuko enempilo yokukhula kwedolobha.
Ihhovisi Eliyinhloko laseLintratek
I-Lintratekkube yi-umenzi ochwephesheyokuxhumana ngeselula ngemishini ehlanganisa i-R&D, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthengisa iminyaka eyi-12. Imikhiqizo yokumboza isignali emkhakheni wokuxhumana ngeselula:izikhulisi zesignali yocingo lweselula, ama-antenna, izihlukanisi zamandla, ama-couplers, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-10-2024